Critical Thinking

Essays and notes on reasoning more clearly — avoiding bias, evaluating evidence, and thinking with more precision.

The Map Is Not the Territory

Every model is wrong. Some are useful. Understanding the difference between a representation and reality is the foundation of clear thinking.

Mar 5, 20257 min read

Critical Thinking

Article

Steel-Manning: The Lost Art of Taking Ideas Seriously

Straw-manning is easy and satisfying. Steel-manning is hard and useful. Here's how to argue against the strongest version of an idea — and why it changes everything.

Feb 20, 20256 min read

Critical Thinking

Note

Base Rates and Why We Ignore Them

The single most underused tool in everyday reasoning. When someone tells you a startup's success story, base rates ask the uncomfortable question: how many tried this and failed?

Jan 15, 20255 min read